Functional sequelae in COVID-19 survivors hospitalized in a Specialized Center in Costa Rica, July-December 2020
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Keywords
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, rehabilitation, functional capacity, disability
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to describe the demographic and clinical profiles, as well as the functional sequelae, in COVID-19 survivor patients who were hospitalized at CEACO between July and December 2020. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who underwent multidisciplinary follow-up evaluations at CENARE. Data were collected through the review of clinical records. Descriptive statistics and frequency distributions were employed for data analysis. Additionally, multivariate logistic models were used to assess the association between severity factors and subsequent sequelae. Data processing was performed using the R program in conjunction with the Tidyverse package. Results: Data from a total of 310 patients were meticulously analyzed. Among these, 93.70% were of Costa Rican nationality. The male population accounted for 62%, with an average age of 61 years. Pre-existing conditions were prevalent, with 58% of patients having hypertension and 61% diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, 71.28% were categorized as obese based on their body mass index. The average length of hospital stay was determined to be 12.47 days. Notably, the predominant respiratory device used was the high-flow nasal cannula. Concerning post-hospitalization status, 70.65% of patients were discharged with a rehabilitation risk level B, undergoing assessment for an average period of 26.91 days at CENARE. Specific post-COVID-19 sequelae included dyspnea in 27.72% of individuals, muscular strength impairment in 7.1% of the cohort, and psychoemotional sequelae in 17%. Furthermore, a risk of malnutrition was identified in 10% of cases. Logistic regression models demonstrated a direct correlation between prolonged hospital stays, malnutrition risk, and the likelihood of experiencing dyspnea and reduced muscular strength. Conclusion: This comprehensive analysis substantiates the presence of functional sequelae among individuals who have battled COVID-19.
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María José Gallardo-Arriagada , Departamento de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Centro Nacional de Rehabilitación Dr. Humberto Araya Rojas, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social. San José, Costa Rica
Médico Especialista en Medicina Física y Rehabilitación